WARSAW-OXFORD RULES 1932
（Uniform rules for contract for the sale of the CIF）
 
１９３２年華沙－牛津規則   (CIF買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同的統一規則)
 
該規則是由國際法協(xié)會(huì )（International Law Association）所制定的。該協(xié)會(huì )于1928年在華沙舉行會(huì )議，制定了關(guān)于CIF買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同的統一規則，共22條，稱(chēng)為《1928年華沙規則》。后又經(jīng)過(guò)1930年紐約會(huì )議、1931年巴黎會(huì )議和1932年牛津會(huì )議修訂為21條，定名為《1932年華沙-牛津規則》（Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)W.O.Rules 1932）。
 
目 錄
PREAMBLE序言
RULE 1. SCHEME OF RULES  第一條  總則
RULE 2. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO SHIPMENT第二條  關(guān)于賣(mài)方裝船的責任
RULE 3. TIME OF SHIPMENT AND EVIDENCE OF DATE第三條  裝船時(shí)間和日期證明
RULE 4. EXCEPTIONS第四條  例外
RULE 5. RISK第五條  風(fēng)險
RULE 6. PROPERTY第六條  所有權
RULE 7. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO BILLS OF LADING  第七條 賣(mài)方對提單的責任
RULE 8. SPECIFIC VESSEL-KIND OF VESSEL第八條  特定的船只 船只的種類(lèi)
RULE 9. FREIGHT PAYABLE AT DESTINATION第九條  運費在目的地支付
RULE 10. IMPORT DUTIES, ETC.   第十條  進(jìn)口稅等
RULE 11. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO CONDITIONS OF GOODS
        第十一條  賣(mài)方對貨物狀況的責任
RULE 12. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO INSURANCE 第十二條  賣(mài)方對保險的責任
RULE 13. NOTICE OF SHIPMENT第十三條  裝船通知
RULE 14. IMPORT AND EXPORT LICENCES, CERTIFICATES OF ORIGIN, ETC.
        第十四條  進(jìn)出口許可證、產(chǎn)地證明書(shū)等
RULE 15. CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY, ETC. 第十五條  品質(zhì)證明書(shū)等
RULE 16. TENDER OF DOCUMENTS第十六條  單據的提供
RULE 17. LOSS OR DAMAGE AFTER SHIPMENT第十七條  裝船后貨物滅失或損壞
RULE 18. DUTIES OF THE BUYER AS TO PAYMENT OF PRICE
第十八條  關(guān)于買(mǎi)方支付貨款的義務(wù)
RULE 19. RIGHTS OF BUYER AS TO INSPECTION OF GOODS
第十九條  關(guān)于買(mǎi)方檢查貨物的權利
RULE 20. RIGHTS AND REMEDIES UNDER CONTRACT OF SALE
第二十條  買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同中的權利和補救
RULE 21. NOTICES  第二十一條  通知
 
 PREAMBLE序言
    These Rules are intended to offer to those interested in the sale and purchase of goods on c.i.f. terms who have at present no standard form of contract or general conditions available a means of voluntarily and readily adopting in their c.i.f. contracts a set of uniform rules.
In the absence of any express adoption of these Rules in the manner hereinafter appearing, they shall in no case be deemed to govern the rights and obligations of the parties to a sale of goods on c.i.f. terms.
    本規則是為了對那些愿按Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．條款進(jìn)行貨物買(mǎi)賣(mài)但目前缺乏標準合同格式或共同交易條件的人們提供一套可在Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．合同中易于使用的統一規則。
    如果沒(méi)有明示依照下述方式采用本規則，那末，按照Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．條款進(jìn)行買(mǎi)賣(mài)的當事人，其權利和義務(wù)不受本規則的約束。
 
RULE 1. SCHEME OF RULES  第一條  總則
These Rules shall be known as the "Warsaw-Oxford Rules", and their adoption as herein provided shall be conclusive evidence that the parties intend their contract to be a c.i.f. contract.
    Any of these Rules may be varied, or amended, or other terms inserted in the c.i.f. contract, but such variation, amendment or insertion may only be made by express agreement of the parties to the contract. In the absence of any such express agreement these Rules shall apply without qualification to any sale of goods involving either wholly or in part transit by sea, in connection with which they are expressly adopted by a reference to the term "Warsaw-Oxford Rules", and the rights and obligations of the parties shall be construed in accordance with the provisions of these Rules.
In case of a conflict between the Rules and a contract the latter shall govern. Reference to the Rules shall cover all other provisions on which the contract itself is silent. The expression "usage of the particular trade" as employed in these Rules means a settled custom so general in the particular trade that the parties to the contract of sale must be held to know of the existence of such a custom and to have contracted with reference thereto.
    本規則稱(chēng)為《華沙－牛津規則》，如在合同中采用本規則，就肯定說(shuō)明合同當事人意欲訂立一個(gè)Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．合同。
    在Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．合同中，本規則的任何一條都可以變更、修改或增添其他條款，但這樣的變更、修改或增添必須經(jīng)合同當事人明示地協(xié)議才能成立。如無(wú)上述明示的協(xié)議，則一切涉及全部或部分海上運輸貨物的買(mǎi)賣(mài)，凡明示采用《華沙－牛津規則》者，合同當事人的權利和義務(wù)均應援用本規則的規定辦理。
    如本規則與合同發(fā)生矛盾時(shí)，應以合同為準。凡合同沒(méi)有規定的事項，應按照本規則的規定辦理。
本規則所使用的“特定行業(yè)慣例”，是指在特定行業(yè)中已形成的普遍通用的習慣，從而可以認為合同當事人已共知這一習慣的存在，并且在簽訂合同時(shí)參照了這一習慣。
 
RULE 2. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO SHIPMENT第二條  關(guān)于賣(mài)方裝船的責任
 (I) The Seller must provide goods of the contractual description and, subject to the provisions of the next succeeding paragraph and to those of Rules 7 (III) and (IV), have them loaded on board the vessel at the port of shipment in the manner customary at the port.
(II) Where the goods contracted to be sold are already afloat, or have already been delivered into the custody of the carrier in the manner provided in Rule 7 (III) and (IV), at the time the sale is made, or where the seller is entitled to purchase goods of the contractual description afloat in order to fulfil his contract, the seller shall have merely to appropriate these goods to the contract of sale. Such appropriation need not take place till the documents are tendered to the buyer and such tender shall imply the appropriation of the goods to the contract of sale.
    （Ⅰ）除依照下節和第七條第（Ⅲ）款、第（Ⅳ）款的規定外，賣(mài)方必須備妥合同規定的貨物，并且依照裝船港口的習慣方式，將貨物裝到該港口的船上。
（Ⅱ）如成交時(shí)訂售的是海上路貨，或按照第七條第（Ⅲ）款和第（Ⅳ）款規定的方式已經(jīng)交給承運人保管，或者為履行合同起見(jiàn)，賣(mài)方有權按合同規格買(mǎi)進(jìn)海上路貨時(shí)，賣(mài)方只需將該貨劃撥到買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同項下。這種劃撥不需在單據提交買(mǎi)方以前辦理，提交單據即意味著(zhù)該貨劃撥到買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同項下。
 
RULE 3. TIME OF SHIPMENT AND EVIDENCE OF DATE第三條  裝船時(shí)間和日期證明
    (I) The whole quantity of the goods contracted to be sold must be shipped or delivered into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, at the time or within the period, if any, specified in the contract of sale or, if no such time or period has been specified in the contract of sale or, if no such time or period has been specified in the contract, within a reasonable time.
(II) The date of shipment or of delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, mentioned in the bill of lading or other document validly tendered as evidencing the contract of carriage shall be prima facie evidence of the actual shipment or of the actual delivery, as the case may be, on that date without prejudice to the right of the buyer to prove the contrary.
    （Ⅰ）訂售貨物的全部數量必須依照買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同規定的時(shí)間或期限裝船，或交給承運人保管。如合同沒(méi)有規定時(shí)間或期限，則應在合理的時(shí)期內裝船或交給承運人保管。
    （Ⅱ）有效提供的作為運輸合同證明的提單或其他單證，其所載明的裝船日期或交給承運人保管的日期就是在該日實(shí)際裝船或實(shí)際交付的表面證據，但并不因此使買(mǎi)方喪失提出反證的權利。
 
RULE 4. EXCEPTIONS第四條  例外
The seller shall not be responsible for delay or failure to ship the goods contracted to be sold or any part thereof or to deliver such goods, or any part thereof into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, arising from force majeure, or from any extraordinary causes, accidents or hindrances of what kind soever or wheresoever or the consequences thereof which it was impossible in the circumstances for the seller to have foreseen or averted. In the event of any of the said causes, accidents or hindrances  preventing, hindering or impeding the production, the manufacture, the delivery to the seller, or the shipment of the goods contracted to be sold or any part thereof or the chartering of any vessel or part of vessel, notice thereof shall be given to the buyer by the seller, and on such notice being given the time for shipment or delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, shall be extended until the operation of the cause, accident or hindrance preventing, hindering or impeding the production, the manufacture, the delivery to the seller or the shipment of the said goods or any part thereof or the chartering of any vessel or part of vessel has ceased. But if any of these causes, accidents or hindrances continues for more than fourteen days from the time or from the expiration of the period if any, specified in the contract of sale for the shipment of the goods or their delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, or if no such time or period has been specified in the contract then from the expiration of the reasonable time contemplated in Rule 3, the whole contract of sale or such part thereof as shall remain to be fulfilled by the seller may, at the option of either party, be determined, such option shall be exercised and notice to that effect shall be given by either party to the other party at any time during the seven days next succeeding the period of fourteen days hereinbefore mentioned but not thereafter. And on such notice being given neither party shall have any claim against the other party in respect of such determination.
    由于不可抗力、任何特殊原因、事故，或者由于不論何種或何處發(fā)生的阻礙，或由此而產(chǎn)生的結果，為當時(shí)賣(mài)方所不能預見(jiàn)或避免，以致賣(mài)方延遲或未能裝運全部或部分訂售貨物或者延遲或未能將全部或部分訂售貨物，交給承運人保管，賣(mài)方對此將不負責任。
如果上述原因、事故或障礙，阻止、妨礙或耽誤了全部或部分訂售貨物的生產(chǎn)、制造、交給賣(mài)方或裝船，或者全部或部分船只的租賃，賣(mài)方應將有關(guān)情況通知買(mǎi)方，此項通知一經(jīng)發(fā)出，裝船時(shí)間或交給承運人保管的時(shí)間應展延到上述原因、事故或障礙解除時(shí)為止。但是上述那些原因、事故或障礙，如延續超過(guò)買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同規定的裝船或交給承運人保管的日期或截止期限十四天（如果合同沒(méi)有規定此項裝船或交給承運人保管的日期或截止期限，則按第三條規定預計合理的期限截止時(shí)計算），全部或部分合同是否仍由賣(mài)方履行，可由買(mǎi)賣(mài)當事人的任何一方選擇決定，對此，任何一方都可在上述十四天后的七天內進(jìn)行抉擇并通知對方。此項通知發(fā)出后，任何一方將無(wú)權由于此項抉擇而對另一方提出索賠要求。
 
 RULE 5. RISK第五條  風(fēng)險
The risk shall be transferred to the buyer from the moment the goods are loaded on board the vessel in accordance with the provisions of Rule 2 or, should the seller be entitled in accordance with the provisions of Rule 7 (III) and (IV) in lieu of loading the goods on board the vessels to deliver the goods into the custody of the carrier, from the time such delivery has effectively taken place.
 風(fēng)險應依照第二條規定從貨物裝到船上時(shí)起轉由買(mǎi)方承擔；如果賣(mài)方按照第七條第（Ⅲ）款、第（Ⅳ）款規定有權將貨物交給承運人保管，以代替裝船，則從實(shí)際交給承運人之時(shí)起，風(fēng)險轉由買(mǎi)方承擔。
 
RULE 6. PROPERTY第六條  所有權
Subject to the provisions of Rule 20 (III) the time of the passing of the property in the goods shall be the moment when the seller delivers the documents into the possession of the buyer.
除依照第二十條第（Ⅱ）款的規定外，貨物所有權的轉讓時(shí)間，就是賣(mài)方將有關(guān)單據交到買(mǎi)方掌握的時(shí)刻。
 
RULE 7. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO BILLS OF LADING
 第七條  賣(mài)方對提單的責任
    (I) It shall be the duty of the seller to procure, at his own cost, a contract of carriage that is reasonable having regard to the nature of the goods and the terms current on the contemplated route or in the particular trade. The said contract of carriage must, subject to the usual or customary exceptions therein contained, provide for the delivery of the goods at the contractual destination. Moreover, the said contract of carriage must, except as hereinafter provided, be evidenced by a "shipped" bill of lading, in good merchantable order, issued by the ship owner or his official agent or pursuant to a charter party, duly dated and bearing the name of the ship.
(II) Where the contract of sale or the usage of the particular trade so allows, the contract of carriage may, subject to the provisions and qualifications hereinafter constrained, be evidenced by a "received for shipment" bill of lading or similar document, as the case may be, in good merchantable order, issued by the ship owner or his official agent, or pursuant to a charter party, and in such circumstance such "received for shipment" bill of lading or similar document shall for all purposes be deemed to be a valid bill of lading, and may be tendered by the seller accordingly. Moreover, in all cases where such a document has been duly noted with the name of the ship and the date of shipment, it shall be deemed in all respects equivalent to a "shipped" bill of lading.
    (III) When the seller is entitled to tender a "received for shipment" bill of lading, he must, subject to the provisions of Rule 2 (II) provide and have goods of the contractual description effectively delivered into the custody of the carrier at the port of shipment for transportation to the buyer with all reasonable dispatch.
    (IV) When the seller is entitled by the terms of the contract of sale or by the usage of the particular trade to tender a "through" bill of lading, and such document involves part land and part sea transit, and should the carrier who issues the "through" bill of lading be a land carrier, the seller must, subject to the provisions of Rule 2 (II), provide and have goods of the contractual description effectively delivered into the custody of the said carrier for transportation to the buyer with all reasonable dispatch.
    Goods shall not be transmitted by inland waterways unless the seller is entitled by the terms of the contract of sale or by the usage of the particular trade to employ that means of transportation.
    The seller shall not be entitled to tender a "through" bill of lading providing for part and part sea transit where the contract of sale calls for sea transit only.  
    (V) When the goods are carried under a "through" bill of lading this document must provide for the full and continuous protection of the buyer from the moment the risk is transferred to the buyer in accordance with the provisions of Rule 5 through out the whole of the transit, in respect of any legal remedy to which the buyer may be entitled against each and any of the carriers who shall have participated in the carriage of the goods to the point of destination.
    (VI) If a particular route is stipulated by the contract of sale, the bill of lading or other document validly tendered as evidencing the contract of carriage must provide for the carriage of the goods by that route, or if no route has been stipulated in the contract of sale, then by a route followed by the usage of the particular trade.
(VII) The bill of lading or other document validly tendered as evidencing the contract of carriage shall deal, and deal only, with the goods contracted to be sold.
(VIII) The seller shall not be entitled to tender a delivery order or a ship's release in lieu of a bill of lading unless the contract of sale so provides.
    （Ⅰ）賣(mài)方有責任由自己承擔費用訂妥運輸合同。該項合同從貨物的性質(zhì)、預定航線(xiàn)或特定行業(yè)的現用條款來(lái)看，應該是合理的。除依照其中載有的慣常的例外以外，上述運輸合同必須訂明在買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同所規定的目的地交貨。此外，除下述另有規定者外，上述運輸合同必須用“已裝船”提單作為證明，此項提單應當符合良好的商業(yè)要求，由船公司或它的正式代理人簽發(fā)，或者依照租船合同的規定簽發(fā)，注明日期，并注明船名。
    （Ⅱ）如果買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同或特定行業(yè)慣例許可，除依照下述規定和限制外，運輸合同可以用“備運”提單或類(lèi)似單據（視情況而定）作為證明，此項提單或單據應當符合良好的商業(yè)要求，由船公司或它的正式代理人簽發(fā)，或者依照租船合同的規定簽發(fā)；在這種情況下，這樣的“備運”提單或類(lèi)似單據，就各方面講，應當認為是有效提單，并可由賣(mài)方提供對方。再者，如果這樣的單據已經(jīng)恰當地注明船名和裝船日期，它就應被認為在一切方面相當于“已裝船”提單。
    （Ⅲ）如果賣(mài)方有權提供“備運”提單，除依照第二條第（Ⅲ）款的規定外，賣(mài)方必須將合同規定的貨物備妥，并有效地交給裝船港口的承運人保管，以便盡速發(fā)運給買(mǎi)方。
    （Ⅳ）如果賣(mài)方依照買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同的條款或特定行業(yè)慣例有權提供“聯(lián)運”提單，而此項提單涉及到部分陸運和部分海運，簽發(fā)“聯(lián)運”提單的運輸機構又是陸運承運人，則賣(mài)方除依照第二條第（Ⅱ）款的規定外，必須備妥合同規定的貨物，并有效地交給該承運人保管，以便盡速發(fā)運給買(mǎi)方。
    除非賣(mài)方依照買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同的條款或特定行業(yè)慣例有權利用內河運輸方式，否則貨物不得經(jīng)由內河運輸。
    如果買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同規定只用海運，賣(mài)方無(wú)權提供部分陸運、部分海運的“聯(lián)運”提單。
    （Ⅴ）如果貨物用“聯(lián)運”提單運輸，此項單據必須規定自風(fēng)險轉由買(mǎi)方承擔之時(shí)（按第五條的規定）起的全部運程中，對買(mǎi)方的完全和連續的保障，買(mǎi)方有權對參加運輸該貨物到目的地的每一個(gè)或任何一個(gè)承運人要求合法的補救。
    （Ⅵ）如果買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同規定了特定路線(xiàn)，則有效地提交作為運輸合同證明的提單或其他單據，必須規定貨物由該條運輸路線(xiàn)運輸，如果買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同沒(méi)有規定路線(xiàn)，則由特定行業(yè)慣例所采取的路線(xiàn)運輸。
    （Ⅶ）作為運輸合同的證明，有效提供的提單或其他單據應當并且只限于用以處理合同中所訂售的貨物。
（Ⅷ）賣(mài)方無(wú)權使用提貨單或船貨放行單來(lái)代替提單，除非買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同有這樣的規定。
 
RULE 8. SPECIFIC VESSEL-KIND OF VESSEL第八條  特定的船只 船只的種類(lèi)
    (I) Should the contract of sale call for shipment by a specific vessel, or generally where the seller shall have chartered a vessel or part of vessel, and undertaken to ship the goods accordingly, the seller shall not be at liberty to provide a substitute unless and until the buyer shall have given his consent thereto. Such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
    (II) Where the contract of sale calls for shipment by steamer (unnamed) the seller may transmit the goods to the buyer either by steamer or by motor vessel, all other conditions being equal.
(III) If there is no provision made in the contract of sale as to the kind of vessel to be employed, or if a neural term such as "vessel" is used therein, the seller shall be entitled, subject to any usage of the particular trade, to ship the goods on the kind of vessel by which similar goods are in practice shipped on the contemplated route.
    （Ⅰ）在買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同規定由特定船只裝運，或者一般地應由賣(mài)方租賃全部或部分船只，并承擔將貨物裝船的情況下，非經(jīng)買(mǎi)方同意，賣(mài)方不得隨意改用其他船只代替，買(mǎi)方也不應不合理地拒絕同意。
    （Ⅱ）如果買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同規定用蒸汽船裝運（未指定船名），賣(mài)方在其他條件相同的情況下，可用蒸汽船或內燃機船運給買(mǎi)方。
    （Ⅲ）如果買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同未規定裝運船只的種類(lèi)，或者合同內使用“船只”這樣籠統名詞，除依照特定行業(yè)慣例外，賣(mài)方有權使用通常在此路線(xiàn)上裝運類(lèi)似貨物的船只來(lái)裝運。
 
RULE 9. FREIGHT PAYABLE AT DESTINATION第九條  運費在目的地支付
    On arrival of the goods at the point where they are finally discharged for delivery to the buyer, the buyer is bound to pay any unpaid freight which may be due to the carrier. The buyer shall be entitled to deduct the amount of any such payment which he shall be called upon to make from the amount he has contracted to pay for the goods, unless the seller shall already have made proper allowance in respect of such unpaid freight in the invoice tendered to the buyer.
    If the seller should have to pay any unpaid freight which may be due to the carrier, because tender of the documents is unavoidably made after the arrival of the goods, he may recover the amount thereof from the buyer.
Subject to the provisions of Rule 10, the buyer shall in no case be called upon to pay a larger sum in respect of unpaid freight than will make up the amount which he has contracted to pay for the goods.
    貨物運達最終卸貨地點(diǎn)交給買(mǎi)方時(shí)，買(mǎi)方有責任支付可能未付承運人的任何運費。如果賣(mài)方未曾在提供的發(fā)票內將此項未付的運費作相應的扣除，買(mǎi)方有權從合同貨款內扣去。
    如果因單據無(wú)可避免地在貨物運達后才能提供以致賣(mài)方必須支付可能未付承運人的運費，那未，賣(mài)方可向買(mǎi)方索還這筆款項。
除依照第十條規定外，關(guān)于未付的運費，不論在任何情況下，不能要求買(mǎi)方支付大于合同貨款的金額。
 
RULE 10. IMPORT DUTIES, ETC.   第十條  進(jìn)口稅等
    The payment of customs duties and charges payable for the goods or of expenses incurred in respect of such goods during the course of transit to or after their arrival at the port of destination forms no part of the obligations of the seller, unless such expenses shall be included in the freight. If the seller should have to pay such duties and charges and/ or any expenses not included in the freight, because tender of the documents is unavoidably made after arrival of the goods, he may recover the amount thereof from the buyer.
貨物的關(guān)稅和費用開(kāi)支，或者貨物在運輸過(guò)程中或到達目的港后所發(fā)生的費用，除這種開(kāi)支應當包括在運費內的以外，賣(mài)方一概不承擔責任。如果由于單據無(wú)可避免地在貨物到達后才能提供，以致賣(mài)方必須支付這種關(guān)稅、費用開(kāi)支和／或其他不包括在運費內的任何開(kāi)支，那末，賣(mài)方可以向買(mǎi)方索還這筆款項。 
 
RULE 11. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO CONDITIONS OF GOODS
  第十一條  賣(mài)方對貨物狀況的責任
    (I) The goods contracted to be sold must be shipped or delivered into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, in such a condition as, subject to risk of deterioration, leakage or wastage in bulk or weight inherent in the goods (and not consequent upon the goods having been defective at the time of shipment or of delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, or incident to loading or transit) would enable them to arrive at their contractual destination on a normal journey and under normal conditions in merchantable condition. In allowing for ordinary deterioration, leakage, or inherent wastage in bulk or weight due regard shall be had to any usage of the particular trade.
    (II) Where the goods contracted to be sold are already afloat or have been delivered into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, at the time the sale is made, or where the seller in the exercise of any right to which he may be entitled to that effect purchases goods of the contractual description afloat in order to fulfil his contract, it is an implied condition in the contract of sale that the goods have been shipped or delivered into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
(III) Should any dispute arise as to the conditions of the goods at the time of shipment or delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, and in the absence of any certificate issued in accordance with the terms of the contract of sale, with the usage of particular trade, or with the provisions of Rule 15, the quality, the description and sate, and/or the weight or quantity of the goods shall be determined according to their condition at the time they were loaded on board the vessel, or, should the seller be entitled in accordance with the provisions of Rule 7 (III) and (IV) in lieu of shipment to deliver the goods into the custody of the carrier, at the time such delivery has effectively taken place.
    （Ⅰ）買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同貨物應在這樣的狀況下裝船或交給承運人保管：即在正常的航行后并在正常的情況下運到合同規定的目的地時(shí)能保持可商銷(xiāo)狀態(tài)。由于貨物固有的變質(zhì)、漏泄、體積或重量的損耗（不是由于貨物在裝船或交付承運人保管時(shí)已有的缺陷造成的，也不是由于裝船或運輸發(fā)生的），不在此限。適當參照特殊行業(yè)慣例，容許通常的變質(zhì)、漏泄、體積或重量的自然損耗。
    （Ⅱ）如果在成交時(shí)，訂售的是海上路貨，或已經(jīng)交給承運人保管；或者，如果賣(mài)方為履行合同起見(jiàn)，有權買(mǎi)進(jìn)合同規格的海上路貨，那末，可以認為買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同中含有這樣的默示條件，即貨物已經(jīng)依照前款規定裝船或交給承運人保管。
    （Ⅲ）如果在裝船或交給承運人保管時(shí)，對有關(guān)貨物的狀況發(fā)生爭議，又沒(méi)有依照買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同的條款、特定行業(yè)慣例或本規則第十五條規定所簽發(fā)的任何證明書(shū)，那末，貨物的品質(zhì)、規格、狀態(tài)和／或重量或數量，應當依照當時(shí)裝到船上時(shí)的狀況來(lái)決定。如果賣(mài)方是依照第七條第（Ⅲ）款、第（Ⅳ）款的規定，把貨物交給承運人保管，以代替裝船者，就按照確實(shí)交給時(shí)的狀況決定。
 
RULE 12. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO INSURANCE
第十二條  賣(mài)方對保險的責任
    (I) It shall be the duty of the seller to procure at his own cost from an underwriter or insurance company of good repute a policy of marine insurance, evidencing a valid and subsisting contract which shall be available for the benefit of buyer, covering the goods during the whole of the course of transit contemplated in the contract of sale, including customary transshipment, if any, Subject to the next succeeding paragraph and to any special provision in the contract of sale, the policy must afford the holder thereof complete and continuous contractual protection against all those risks that are by the usage of the particular trade or on the contemplated route insured against at the time of the shipment of the goods or their delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be.
    The seller shall not be bound to procure a policy covering war risks unless (a) special provision to this effect shall have been made in the contract of sale, or (b) the seller shall have received prior to the shipment of the goods or their delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, notice from the buyer to procure a policy covering such risks. Unless such special provision shall have been made in the contract of sale, any additional cost of procuring a policy covering war risks shall be borne by the buyer.
    (II) Should the policy not be available when the documents are tendered a Certificate of Insurance issued by an underwriter or insurance company of good repute in relation to a policy of insurance as above defined, which reproduces the essential terms and conditions of the policy in so far as they concern the goods mentioned in the bill(s) of lading and invoice(s) and conveys to the holder thereof all the rights under the policy shall be accepted by the buyer in lieu thereof, and shall be deemed to be proof of marine insurance and to represent a policy of insurance within the meaning of these Rules. In such event the seller shall be deemed to guarantee that he will on the demand of the buyer, and with all due dispatch, produce or procure the production of the policy referred to in the Certificate.  
    (III) Unless it is the usage of the particular trade for the seller to tender to the buyer an Insurance Broker's Cover Note in lieu of a policy of insurance, such a Cover Note shall not be deemed to represent a policy of insurance within the meaning these Rules.
(IV) The value of the goods for insurance, shall be fixed in accordance with the usage of the particular trade, but in the absence of any such usage it shall be the invoice c.i.f. value, of the goods to the buyer, less freight payable if any, on arrival and plus a marginal profit of 10 percent of the said invoice c.i.f. value, after deduction of the amount of freight, if any payable on arrival.
    （Ⅰ）賣(mài)方有責任承擔費用向信譽(yù)良好的保險商或保險公司投保，取得海運保險單，作為有效和確實(shí)存在的保險合同的證明。此項保險單是為維護買(mǎi)方的利益，承保了買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同規定的全部運程中的貨物（包括習慣上的轉船）。除依照本款第二段和買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同的特別規定外，此項保險單，對于貨物在裝船或交給承運人保管時(shí)，按照特定行業(yè)慣例或在規定航線(xiàn)上應投保的一切風(fēng)險，必須向保險單持有人提供完全和延續的合同保障。
    除符合下述情況之一者外，賣(mài)方不負投保“戰爭險”的責任：（ａ）買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同有投保“戰爭險”的特別規定者；（ｂ）貨物裝船或交給承運人保管前，賣(mài)方接到買(mǎi)方的通知，要求投保“戰爭險”者。同時(shí)，除買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同另有特殊規定外，投保“戰爭險”的費用應由買(mǎi)方負擔。
    （Ⅱ）如果在提供單據時(shí)，未取到保險單，買(mǎi)方應接受信譽(yù)良好的保險商或保險公司（照上述保險單的規定）所簽發(fā)的保險憑證以代替保險單，并作為承保海洋險的依據和代表本規則意義內的保險單。對于原應在保險單上載明的有關(guān)提單和發(fā)票項內貨物的主要條款和條件，該保險憑證應轉載清楚，并將保險單內的一切權利轉讓給持有人（持證人）。在這樣情況下，賣(mài)方有責任保證在買(mǎi)方要求時(shí)，盡速提出或取得憑證中所指明的保險單。
    （Ⅲ）除非特定行業(yè)慣例可以由賣(mài)方向買(mǎi)方提供保險經(jīng)紀人的承保書(shū)以代替保險單，這種承保書(shū)不應作為代表本規定意義內的保險單。
    （Ⅳ）投保貨物的保險金額，應當依照特定行業(yè)慣例來(lái)定；如果沒(méi)有此項慣例，保險金額應當是運交買(mǎi)方貨物的Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．發(fā)票價(jià)，減去貨到時(shí)應付的運費（如果有的話(huà)），再加Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．發(fā)票價(jià)（減去貨到時(shí)應付的運費的百分之十利潤。
 
RULE 13. NOTICE OF SHIPMENT第十三條  裝船通知
In order to give the buyer an opportunity of taking out at his own cost additional insurance either to cover risks not covered by "all those risks" contemplated in the first paragraph in Rule 12 (I), or to cover increased value, the seller shall give notice to the buyer that the goods have been shipped, or delivered into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, stating the name of the vessel, if possible, the marks and full particulars. The cost of giving such notice shall be borne by the buyer.
The non-receipt of such notice by, or the accidental omission to give any such notice to, the buyer shall not entitle the buyer to reject the documents tendered by the seller.
    為使買(mǎi)方便于自行增加投保本規則第十二條第Ⅰ款規定范圍以外的風(fēng)險，或增加投保“保險金額”，賣(mài)方應當通知買(mǎi)方，說(shuō)明貨物業(yè)已裝船或交給承運人保管，如有可能應列明船名，并說(shuō)明嘜頭和全部細節，通知的費用由買(mǎi)方負擔。
如果不曾收到這種通知，或因疏忽沒(méi)有通知，買(mǎi)方不得因此而拒絕接受賣(mài)方提供的單據。
 
RULE 14. IMPORT AND EXPORT LICENCES, CERTIFICATES OF ORIGIN, ETC.
   第十四條  進(jìn)出口許可證、產(chǎn)地證明書(shū)等
    (I) Should an export license be required in order to ship goods of the contractual description, it shall be the duty of the seller at his own expense to apply for the license and to use due diligence to obtain the grant of such license.
    (II) Nothing contained in these Rules shall entitle the buyer to demand the tender by the seller of a certificate of origin or consular invoice in respect of the goods contracted to be sold unless (a) it is the usage of the particular trade for either or both of these documents to be obtained, or (b) the seller shall have been expressly instructed by the buyer, prior to the shipment of the goods or their delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, to obtain such certificates and/or such invoices. The cost of procuring these documents shall be borne by the buyer.
Should an import license be required by the country of destination for goods of the contractual description, it shall be the duty of the buyer to procure the same at his own expense and to notify the seller that such license has been obtained prior to the time for shipment of the goods.
    （Ⅰ）如果合同規定的貨物需要有出口許可證才能裝船，賣(mài)方有責任承擔費用，申請許可證，并竭力獲得這種許可證的批準。
    （Ⅱ）除下列情況外，本規則不賦予買(mǎi)方要求賣(mài)方提供有關(guān)訂售貨物的產(chǎn)地證明或領(lǐng)事發(fā)票的權利：（ａ）特定行業(yè)慣例規定需取得這兩種單據或其中任何一種者；（ｂ）貨物裝船或交給承運人保管前，賣(mài)方接獲買(mǎi)方明確指示需要取得此種證明書(shū)和／或此種領(lǐng)事發(fā)票者。取得這種單據的費用應由買(mǎi)方負擔。
如果合同規定的貨物，目的港所在國需要進(jìn)口許可證，買(mǎi)方應負責自行承擔費用，取得這種許可證，并在貨物裝船前通知賣(mài)方，說(shuō)明這種許可證已經(jīng)取得。
 
RULE 15. CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY, ETC. 第十五條  品質(zhì)證明書(shū)等
    Where the contract of sale provides that a certificate of quality and/or weight or quantity shall be furnished by the seller, without specifying the person or body by whom this certificate is to be issued, or where the usage of the particular trade so allows, the seller shall furnish certificates issued by the appropriate public authority (if any) or a duly qualified independent inspector setting out the quality, description and state, and/or the weight or quantity of the goods at the time and place of shipment, or of delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be. The cost (including legalization charges if such a formality be necessary) of obtaining such certificates shall be borne according to the usage of the particular trade or, if none, equality in all cases by the seller and the buyer.
In the circumstances contemplated in the preceding paragraph of this Rule, such certificates shall be prima facie evidence as between buyer and seller of the quality, description and state, and/or of the weight or quantity of the goods at the time the certificate was issued, and as delivered under the contract of sale.
如果買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同規定賣(mài)方應提供品質(zhì)證明書(shū)和／或重量或數量證明書(shū)，但并未指明簽發(fā)此項證明書(shū)的個(gè)人或團體，或者如果特定行業(yè)慣例向有此規定，那么，賣(mài)方應提供由有關(guān)當局（如果有的話(huà)）或有資格的獨立檢驗人所簽發(fā)的證明書(shū)，說(shuō)明裝船或交給承運人保管時(shí)的貨物品質(zhì)、規格、狀態(tài)和／或重量或數量。取得這種證明書(shū)的費用（包括手續費，如果這種手續是必要的），應當依照特定行業(yè)慣例來(lái)負擔；如沒(méi)有慣例，則由買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方平均負擔。這種證明書(shū)，在買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方之間，應當作為依照合同交給的貨物，在證書(shū)簽發(fā)時(shí)的品質(zhì)、規格和狀態(tài)和／或重量或數量的表面證據。
 
RULE 16. TENDER OF DOCUMENTS第十六條  單據的提供
    (I) The seller must exercise all due diligence to send forward the documents, and it shall be his duty to tender them, or cause them to be tendered, with all due dispatch to the buyer. The documents shall not be forwarded by air route unless the contract of sale so provides. By the term "documents" is meant the bill of lading, invoice, and policy of insurance, or other document validly tendered in lieu thereof in accordance with the provisions of these Rules, together with such other documents, if any, as the seller may be the terms of the contract of sale be obliged to procure and tender to the buyer. In the case of installment deliveries, the invoice may be a pro forma invoice in respect of each installment except the final installment.
    (II) The documents tendered to the buyer must be complete, valid and effective at the time of tender and drawn in accordance with the provisions of these Rules. Where the bill of lading or other document validly tendered in lieu thereof is drawn in a set and is made out in favor of the buyer, his agent or representative as consignee, the seller shall not be obliged to tender more than one of the set. In all other circumstances, the full set of bills or other documents validly tendered in lieu thereof must be tendered unless the seller shall provide, to the reasonable satisfaction of the buyer, an indemnity issued by a bank of good repute in respect of the bills or other documents as aforesaid which are not presented.
(III) Should any of the documents which the seller has to procure and tender to the buyer be at variance upon some material point with the conditions stipulated by the contract of sale, the buyer shall be entitled to reject the tender of the documents.
    （Ⅰ）賣(mài)方應竭盡全力發(fā)送各種單據，并有責任盡速提交給買(mǎi)方。除買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同有規定外，單據不用航空寄遞。
    “單據”一詞是指提單、發(fā)票、保險單或依照本規則用以代替這些單據的其他單據，以及根據買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同條款，賣(mài)方有責任取得并提交買(mǎi)方的其它單據（如有的話(huà)）。貨物如分批發(fā)運，除末批外，每批發(fā)運的發(fā)票可以是形式發(fā)票。
    （Ⅱ）提供買(mǎi)方的單據，提供時(shí)必須完整、有效和有用的，并依本規則規定開(kāi)給，如果提單或用以代替提單的其他單據是整套開(kāi)給，并且以買(mǎi)方、他的代理人或代表為收貨人，賣(mài)方只需提供一份。在任何其他情況下，提單或代替提單的其他單據必須提交一整套。但賣(mài)方對于未提供的提單或其他單據，如備有信譽(yù)良好銀行簽發(fā)的并為買(mǎi)方所滿(mǎn)意的保證書(shū)時(shí)，不在此限。
（Ⅲ）如果賣(mài)方必須取得并提交買(mǎi)方的任何單據，有些實(shí)質(zhì)性項目與買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同條款不符時(shí)，買(mǎi)方有權拒絕單據的提交。
 
RULE 17. LOSS OR DAMAGE AFTER SHIPMENT第十七條  裝船后貨物滅失或損壞
If goods of the contractual description have been shipped or have been delivered into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, and proper documents have been obtained, the seller may validly tender such documents, even though at the time of such tender the goods may have been lost or damaged, unless the seller knew of such loss or damage at the time of entering into the contract of sale.
如果合同規定的貨物已經(jīng)裝船，或已經(jīng)交給承運人保管，并取得正式單據，賣(mài)方可以有效地提供這些單據，即使在提供單據時(shí)，貨物已經(jīng)滅失或損壞。但是，簽訂買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同時(shí)，如賣(mài)方已知貨物滅失或損壞，則不在此限。
 
RULE 18. DUTIES OF THE BUYER AS TO PAYMENT OF PRICE
第十八條  關(guān)于買(mǎi)方支付貨款的義務(wù)
    (I) When the proper documents are tendered it shall be the duty of the buyer to accept such documents and to pay the price in accordance with the terms of the contract of sale. The buyer shall be entitled to a reasonable opportunity of examining the documents and to a reasonable time in which to make such examination.
(II) The buyer, however, shall not be entitled when the proper documents are tendered to refuse to accept such documents or to refuse to pay the price in accordance with the terms of the contract of sale, on the plea only that he has had no opportunity of inspecting the goods.
    （Ⅰ）當正當的單據被提供時(shí)，買(mǎi)方有責任接受此種單據，并按買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同條款支付貨款。買(mǎi)方有權要求檢查單據的合理機會(huì )和進(jìn)行檢查的合理時(shí)間。
    （Ⅱ）在上述單據提供后，買(mǎi)方不應以沒(méi)有機會(huì )檢查貨物為借口，拒絕接受這種單據，或者拒絕按買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同條款支付貨款。
 
RULE 19. RIGHTS OF BUYER AS TO INSPECTION OF GOODS
第十九條  關(guān)于買(mǎi)方檢查貨物的權利
    Subject to the provisions of Rules 15 and 18, and to any usage of the particular trade, the buyer shall not be deemed to have accepted the goods unless and until he shall have been given a reasonable opportunity of inspecting them, either on arrival at the point of destination contemplated in the contract of sale or prior to shipment, as the buyer may in his sole discretion decide, and a reasonable time in which to make such inspection.
The buyer shall, within three days from the completion of such inspection. even though this has been a joint inspection, give notice to the seller of any matter or thing by reason whereof he may allege that the goods are not in accordance with the contract of sale. If the buyer shall fail to give such notice, he may no longer exercise his right of rejection of the goods.
Nothing in this Rule shall affect any remedy to which the buyer may be entitled for any loss or damage arising from latent defect, or inherent quality or vice of the goods.
除依照第十五條、第十八條規定和特定行業(yè)慣例外，如果買(mǎi)方?jīng)]有被給予檢查貨物的合理機會(huì )和進(jìn)行這種檢查的合理時(shí)間，那末不應認為買(mǎi)方已經(jīng)接受了這項貨物。這種檢查是在貨物到達買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同規定的目的地進(jìn)行，還是在裝船前進(jìn)行，可由買(mǎi)方自行決定。在完成此項檢查后的三日內（即使在買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方聯(lián)合檢查情況下），買(mǎi)方應將他所認為不符合買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同的情事通知賣(mài)方。如果提不出這種通知，買(mǎi)方便喪失其拒絕接受該貨物的權利。凡因貨物的潛在缺陷，或內在質(zhì)量毛病而引起的滅失、損壞、買(mǎi)方應當享有補救的權利，不受本條規定的影響。
 
RULE 20. RIGHTS AND REMEDIES UNDER CONTRACT OF SALE
第二十條  買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同中的權利和補救
    (I) Subject to any variation or amendment or insertion of other terms in the contract of sale, made in accordance with the provisions of Rule 1, the liabilities of the parties under these Rules shall be at an end when they shall have discharged their obligations as enunciated in these Rules.
    (II) Nothing contained in these Rules shall affect any right of lien or retention or stoppage in transit to which the seller may by law be entitled, in respect of the goods contracted to be sold.
    (III) In the case of a breach of contract, notwithstanding any other remedy to which the parties may be entitled, either party shall have the right to sell or buy against the other party and to charge him with the loss sustained thereby.
    (IV) Nothing contained in these Rules shall affect any remedies whatsoever to which the buyer or the seller may be entitled for breach of contract and/or other claim arising out of the contract of sale.
Nevertheless, the seller and the buyer shall be respectively discharged from all liabilities in respect of any breach of contract and/or other claim arising out of the contract of sale unless formal application that the dispute shall be referred to arbitration is made or suit is brought within twelve calendar months after arrival of the goods at the point of destination contemplated by the contract of sale or where the goods do not arrive, within twelve months of the date when the goods would in the ordinary course have arrived at the said destination.
    （Ⅰ）除依照買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同中按本規則第一條所作的變更、修改或增添其他條款外，當事人在已經(jīng)履行本規則規定的職責后，本規則所規定的當事人應負的責任即告終結。
    （Ⅱ）賣(mài)方依據法律對訂售貨物所享有的留置權、保留權或中止交貨權，不受本規則的影響。
    （Ⅲ）如果發(fā)生違約情事，盡管當事人有權取得其他補救，受害方有權將貨物出售或買(mǎi)進(jìn)，并責成對方負擔由于出售或買(mǎi)進(jìn)而遭受的損失。
    （Ⅳ）本規則的任何規定不得影響買(mǎi)方或賣(mài)方由于違反合同而有權提出的補救，以及由于買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同中產(chǎn)生的其它索賠。
    如果在貨到目的地后的十二個(gè)月內（貨物如未到達，按通�？梢缘竭_之日起計算的十二個(gè)月內），沒(méi)有正式申請把爭議提交仲裁或提起訴訟，則賣(mài)方或買(mǎi)方應當分別解除對方關(guān)于違約和／或因買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同引起的其他要求索賠的全部責任。
 
RULE 21. NOTICES  第二十一條  通知
Any notice required or authorized to be given by either party under these Rules to other party shall be served either in a prepaid telegram, radiogram or cablegram sent to the last known place of business of the other party, or through the post in a prepaid registered letter sent as aforesaid if such letter would in the ordinary course of events be delivered to the addressee within twenty four hours from the time of the handing of such letter into the custody of the postal authorities.
    依照本規則的規定，由當事人的任何一方向對方或授權向對方發(fā)出的通知，應當以電報費付訖的有線(xiàn)電報、無(wú)線(xiàn)電報或海底電報發(fā)往最近知悉的對方營(yíng)業(yè)所；如果掛號信在通常情況下能于投交郵局后二十四小時(shí)內送達收件人，此項通知也可用郵費付訖的掛號信寄發(fā)。